UPDATE: While the problem might not be fully resolved, last night, I updated my iPhone 13 Pro Max to iOS 15.1 and today, 5G speeds seem much better and less erratic. Testing from the same spots as I did before, my download speeds are consistently above 50Mbps and my upload speeds jumped into the 20’s. Prior to the update, I was seeing single digits or worse on upload speeds and the speed seemed very erratic. While I have seen higher speeds elsewhere in town, from my home location, these results are right in line with the best speeds I’ve gotten at home.
For those experiencing the problem, I’d suggest updating to 15.1 to see if it helps. From all the comments here, it was pretty clear that an Apple software update was needed and that this wasn’t a carrier problem. Based on my brief testing with 15.1, it looks like an Apple update was indeed required.