Once you remove the CD from your CD drive, iTunes should switch to a view of your Library (as indicated in the screenshot). You should also see a sidebar, but if you don't, use the iTunes menu to click on View/Show Sidebar:

You should be able to find the album under the headings that are present, that is, Artists, Albums, Songs and Genres. If iTunes did not find the track information for the CD before you imported it, you should at least see the tracks (as numbered tracks only) listed under the Songs list, but with an Unknown Artist and an Unknown Album. You should also find it under the Recently Added heading.
Your view may be slightly different to the one I've shown (you may not see album art).
What do you see?