Can't load photos and videos since installing ios 15.1

I have an iPhone 11 pro max and ever since I installed ios 15.1, I can't load any photos or videos that I took before installing the update. There's a little exclamation point with a circle in the bottom right corner of all photos and videos. Videos won't play back and I get a message saying "Unable to Load Video. An error occurred while loading a higher quality version of this video." I can't view the live versions of photos, and if I try to share a photo it says "Unable to Share. There was an error while preparing to share."

I've tried turning the phone off and on. I tried turning off "Optimize iPhone Storage" in Settings, and turned on "Download and Keep Originals." I have my phone set to automatically upload photos to iCloud, but when I logged into iCloud there are a lot of recent photos missing.

All the photos and videos I've taken after installing 15.1 are working fine.

Has anyone else had this problem and how do I fix it?