Egd88's solution works! Thank you for this solution because I've been dealing with this for a few months now and have had no luck until I read this. Using Zadig was a little confusing at first so I elaborate a little more below:
Once you have zadig open select "list all devices" from the "options" tab. You should then be able to find "AirPod Case" in the dropdown menu. Select this and it should then fill in the driver/ID info automatically. Then select the libusbK driver from the list to the right of the arrow and click "replace driver".
After the new driver is installed, unplug your airpods and then plug them back in and they should charge just fine. The charging light may still turn off but the headphones are charging.
Be very careful to only replace the driver for the "AirPod Case" device, as replacing others could cause problems with your other devices/applications.