Clicked on a phishing link on iPhone

You’re probably safe no matter what. 15.3.1 fixes an important, but rarely exploited vulnerability.

But if you want to sleep at night restore your phone to factory settings, then restore a backup made before this happened.

See→Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support

ApplesvPears Said:

"I clicked on a link that's probabaly a phishing link: I heard Safari was locked down or something, but I'm honestly not sure if I should worry or not."

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Where did you hear this? Was that part of the message? Take a photo, and send it off to Apple. Use my User Tip: Using the Photos App to Report Scams - Apple Support:

ApplesvPears Said:

"I clicked on a link that's probabaly a phishing link: ISome random comment in another question about phishing someone made"

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Thank you for the update.

Modifying your Credentials:

Being suspicious that a phishing link, by all means, consider modifying your credentials, starting with a new password.

• Modify: your login credentials (Using Both a New eMail and a New Password for each and all sites)
• Associate: a different method of payment to your account
• Enable: Two-Factor Authentication for Apple ID and for all other accounts that have such an applicable option

Also...

Verify Your Devices:

Verify that your the devices logged in to your account or officially yours, by using this link: Check your Apple ID Device List to See where you're Signed in - Apple Support

If your iPhone has the latest version of iOS (15.3.1 or 12.5.5) then nothing was downloaded on your phone.

ApplesvPears wrote:

When I clicked on the link i wasn't in the latest version of ios 15.3.1, but I may have had 12.5.5, is there a way to check since I already have 15.3.1?

You definitely did not have 12.5.5, as that is only available for iPhone 5S and 6.