No you can’t, you will need the lightning to 3.5mm pin cable for anything 3.5mm hole input. Now, the iPad Pro you would need the USBC to 3.5mm-female adapter to connect the previous mentioned cable to it. I haven’t tried this and every passing year connectors requirements and adapters reliability have gotten worse, but if you need I can at least try with my phone with the following setup: iPhone -> lightning to 3.5mm plug -> 3.5mm pin to lightning -> AirPods Max.
I suggest the Apple original cables as some others have found that some might not work, something related to the bidirectionality of it (details escapes me).
Caveat: you have to charge your headphones anyway, it isn’t a true pass through audio signal. It will still need the headphones to be fully functional and detected as if they were still wireless.