Your iPad has an encrypted file system - the encryption key required to access any locally stored data being stored within the iPad Secure Enclave (the iPad security chip). Your iPad Passcode unlocks the Secure Enclave - releasing the encryption keys to the Operating System when the iPad is unlocked by the User.
Unless you can interact with the iPad screen and successfully enter the iPad Passcode, you cannot unlock the iPad - or the encryption keys that secure your data.
If you have either a recent iCloud or iTunes backup of your iPad, your data (and iPad settings) can all be restored to a replacement device. Otherwise, you are reliant upon any data/files that you have synchronised with iCloud, or have saved elsewhere.
Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support