How do I get apps that have been downloaded off my cloud and phone permanently?

Apps are not stored in iCloud. When you delete the from the device, they are permanently deleted from the device. However they may still be available from the Apple Store or your Purchased History.

See here: link-> Delete apps on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

If the Delete option does not appear when following those steps, then go to Settings->Screen Time->Content & Privacy Restrictions-> iTunes & App Store Purchases->Deleting Apps, and make sure it is set to allow.