FYI, if you have the 13" model, then there is a possibility that the internal hard drive SATA Cable is failing which is a very common problem with this specific model laptop especially when used with an SSD. Even the 15" model can be affected. Also, many of the Kingston SSDs these days are just low end models so their performance may not be as great as you think (it is very hard to get any technical specifications for their SSDs these days, but the few trusted reviewers out there who actually do more than say "SSDs are fast" have shown that the common/popular Kingston SSDs do not have any DRAM which will affect performance under random access conditions).
And you are correct, the problem may be with the OS, perhaps some issue with other third party software, or a system setting (OS or game), or even your network connection in addition to the other items already mentioned. You should also disconnect all external devices in case one of them is causing a problem.
The best way to eliminate possibilities is by performing a clean install of macOS by first erasing the whole physical drive in order to rebuild the file system & partition table. Then install macOS, but do not migrate or restore from a backup. Also only install the game and no other third party apps to see how it performs. This will be your best case scenario on how the game will work with your laptop with its current hardware configuration. At that point if you are still having problems, then it is either the hardware or a compatibility issue with the game (or a game bug) assuming you have turned down all the graphical settings possible. Game graphical settings are usually the only way to resolve the issues if everything else on the computer is Ok. Laptops (especially Apple laptops) are not really meant for gaming.
If the Steam CS:GO game forum community is unable to help, then you should contact Steam/Valve support directly for official assistance.