Hi,
By default, or depending on if you chose to set up your daughter's iPhone from scratch or by backup, iCloud will sync certain types of data between devices that are signed in to the same iCloud account and have iCloud Backup turned on. This includes things like contacts, calendars, photos, and documents. If you have not specifically enabled iCloud to sync a particular type of data, then it will not be synced between your devices. For example, if you have not turned on iCloud Photos, then your photos will not be synced between your devices. If you have turned on iCloud Backup, then your devices will also back up their data to iCloud, but they will still act independently of each other and will not share their data unless it is specifically synced through iCloud.
With that being said, I still highly recommend you create a new ID for your daughter, and then create a family. This will allow you to share purchases, iCloud storage and features, location, and much more without the security risks. Based on my experience, it is much more streamlined than making sure you have the correct settings enabled to prevent unwanted data from being synced to your phone, or hers.