Resetting iPhone to Factory Setting

My iPhone 12 Pro has been kinda wonky lately. I'm not getting my voicemail for hours, Instagram pretty much refuses to work unless I delete the app, download and relaunch. A friend suggested wiping out my phone and starting from scratch. That doesn't bother me too much. I just want to make sure that when I do wipe out the phone that I won't have to reenter my calendars, contacts, emails and notes.

Is there a way to wipe out an iPhone and do this without having to download my latest Cloud back up, only because if there are software glitches or bugs, I don't want those downloading.

I don't care so much about having to download my apps again. I don't use 95% of them, so I'd only download the apps I actually use.

Thanks!