How do I avoid that someone can change my apple ID password with my phone PIN?

Re: … Is there a way to block changing the iCloud password with the phone pin ? … “

You can use Screentime’s “Content and Privacy Restrictions” - with another unique pin - to further restrict access to your AppleID.

You can use Screentime’s “Content and Privacy Restrictions” - to restrict access to your AppleID w/o first entering the ScreenTime passcode.

You’re welcome.

The best defense remains a good passcode and situational awareness.

Consider changing it to a longer-than-six numeric passcode. Easy to VERY quickly enter while tough for any “prying eyes” to capture.

Also get in the habit of clicking the right “lock” button when not actually using the device.

There is no reasonable technical defense - yet - for the “in-person application of force.”

Looks like you’ve been reading the article by the Wall Street Journal circulating the internet about this. You do realize that ALL electronic devices with passcodes are vulnerable, right. People have had their debit card PINs copied by thieves and then stolen.

Apple’s official response to this article is to use an alphanumeric passcode instead of all numbers, which makes it much more difficult for a bad guy to copy. You can also do what banks recommend to their debit card customers when they enter their PINS at a sales terminal or ATM. Use your hand to obscure what you are typing.

I really think you are worried about nothing and the article published by the Wall Street Journal is more of a scare tactic than anything.

Block access to doing that without a screentime passcode.

Use Screen Time on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support