Can you transfer money from your Apple Cash to your debit card?

Yes. See the following Apple Support article for information on transferring Apple Cash to a bank account or to a debit card: Transfer money in Apple Cash to your bank account or debit card - Apple Support

Note that transfers to a bank account are free (and take longer) while there is a small fee for transfers to a debit card. See below from the above support article.

A 1.5 percent fee (with a minimum fee of $0.25 and a maximum fee of $15) is deducted from the amount of each Instant Transfer.