The reported speeds are low for a Fusion drive in a 2017 iMac 27:
Performance:
System Load: 59.25 (1 min ago) 86.05 (5 min ago) 99.00 (15 min ago)
Nominal I/O usage: 0.13 MB/s
File system: 121.26 seconds (timed out)
Write speed: 470 MB/s
Read speed: 985 MB/s
Still, that is fast enough that the computer should never "feel" or report as slow.
I collect EtreCheck drive reports and found one for the same model iMac with the same Fusion drive specs. Its score is hugely faster:
Write speed: 766 MB/s
Read speed: 2687 MB/s
That leads me, like others, to suspect CleanMyMac. I have seen Etrecheck reports where evicting CMM improved drive scores significantly.
Most client-side VPNs like you have do more harm that good.
I would also test with the WD Passport for disconnected. WD drives are great but the little enclosures they use were designed to go on sale every other weekend, not provide top performance. It would not hurt to test with all other external drives disconnected.