Similar problem here after updating 16" MacBook Pro 2021 with Apple M1 Pro to Ventura 13.3 (22E252).
I have directories with accented characters (e.g. é, ž, etc...) in the name created by python programs containing JPEG or PDF files. If I double-click on these files, Preview app starts but no file is displayed. If I select the directory, enter Edit mode and immediately press Enter to save the name without any change, then double-click works. I presume this action modify or convert the directory name or its representation at a lower level in some way.
I have hundreds or even thousands of directories and files with accented characters. How can I fix this globally?