Overheating phone

My experience says this is purely caused by some third-party app that you may have installed.

I am not aware of the ambient temperature in which you are using the iPhone. However --> Keeping iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch within acceptable ...

Store the device where the temperature is between -20º and 45º C (-4º to 113º F). Don’t leave the device in your car, because temperatures in parked cars can exceed this range.

Use iOS devices where the ambient temperature is between 0º and 35º C (32º to 95º F). Low- or high-temperature conditions might cause the device to change its behavior to regulate its temperature. Using an iOS device in very cold conditions outside of its operating range might temporarily shorten battery life and could cause the device to turn off. Battery life will return to normal when you bring the device back to higher ambient temperatures. Using an iOS device in very hot conditions can permanently shorten battery life.

I too had a similar issue few months ago on my iPhone 12 Pro bought two years ago from Apple Store in the USA.

What I did is given below

1. Took a backup on iCloud (Which I do regularly)
2. Logged out of the Apple ID
3. Erase --> Erase iPhone - Apple Support (IN)
   1. Keep eSIM Data was the option I chose (See the pic)
   2. .
4. Set up my iPhone and restored it from iCloud Backup
5. 

I continued to have the same issue with the heating.

I repeated the above steps but this time I did not restore from the iCloud Backup. I set it up as a new iPhone.

There is no heating issue, now. I am adding Apps cautiously

Conclusion.:

• This does not suggest any hardware issue!
• This is also not an iOS issue
• Some Apps or iPhone storage maybe heating up the device.
• This is not the iPhone Cover or Charging able issue as I had used the same cover and cable while doing both the above processes

Action Plan:

• I will now slowly get all my Apps back one by one.
• Using the elimination process I will try to find out which app or settings were causing this...

It has been 4 months since then and the heating issue has not returned.