Image Capture is actually a straightforward way to copy images from a camera to a plain folder on your Mac. From that folder, you can then open Photoshop and edit the photos. My daughter runs a photography business and uses Lightroom for all her image editing. She never uses Photos, but always uses Image Capture to basically move image files from the camera to a Mac folder that she designates.
See this: Automatically open Image Capture when you connect a device to your Mac - Apple Support
I believe one of the other options (other than open Image Capture when the camera is connected) might be to simply show the camera as a device in the Finder. It depends on the camera. If you are able to do that, you will have to find the right folder on the camera with the images to copy them. Image Capture does this automatically.