Hi coCo458,
welcome to the Apple (user-to-user) Community,
Re: "If I forgot my backpack at the airport terminal seating area. Will the AirTag notify me with in so many feet of leaving it before I board the plane or someone steals it".
Mmm... seems that all depends ....
If you forgot your backpack, would you have already set up the airTag to alert you?
Would you have an iPhone with the latest iOS software, with you in order to receive alerts?
Would you have set the iPhone up to allow notifications, and to share your location ?
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Apple support have articles online that may help:
How to: Set separation alerts in case you leave an AirTag or item behind in ...
says:
Eg: "In the Find My app
, you can turn on separation alerts for an AirTag or other item so you don’t accidentally leave it behind. You receive an alert every time the device sharing your location separates from the item".
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Re: Will the air tag notify me within a few feet before I board the plane?
Else, it seems without setting things up, as above:
Apple support's article: What to do if you get an alert that an AirTag, Find My network accessory, or set of AirPods is with you:
says:
"To alert people nearby, any AirTag separated for a period of time from its owner will emit a sound when it's moved".
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How to: Set up and use Notify When Left Behind in the Find My app - Apple Support
All the best :-)