Note: On Sony media, this bug only affects 10-bit 4:2:2 XAVC-S at 100 or 120 fps. It does NOT affect 10-bit 4:2:2 XAVC-HS at 100 or 120 fps. I believe all Sony cameras that can shoot the XAVC-S codec at that bit depth and chroma subsampling can also shoot the XAVC-HS variant.
On Apple Silicon Macs, the XAVC-HS version seems to run smoother and there is no quality loss.
For existing XAVC-S material with those parameters, the only solution is transcoding or downgrading to Ventura 13.3.1(a). But for all new material, shooting XAVC-HS could be an immediate solution.
Although the problem has been most widely reported on this XAVC-S variant, it seems to exist on some other codecs such as DJI 5k 10-bit 4:2:0 H-264at 23.98 and 29.97 fps.