Space may not be reclaimed immediately for a variety of reasons.
The commonest is Time Machine backups/snapshots. Time Machine may keep local snapshots of files for quick restore purposes. The way it does this is via hidden links to files, but the upshot is that when you 'delete' a file, all you're doing is deleting the visible, top-level link to that file (what the Finder shows on your desktop), but it's not deleting the snapshot of the same file (in case you deleted the file by mistake and want to recover it).
Consequently, the space is still consumed until the file ages out of the snapshot (typically 24 hours), or when additional space is needed by the OS or applications (as soon as disk space gets tight, Time Machine will automatically purge snapshots to make space available for new data).
You can also force a flush of the snapshot by temporarily turning off Time Machine (which deletes the snapshots) and then re-enabling it.
More here: About Time Machine local snapshots - Apple Support