Usually vertical bands or lines indicate a hardware issue with the built-in Display Assembly. That is an unusual look in that first picture though.
If you have a 15" model, then you may have a failing GPU which means a failing Logic Board. These GPU failures can be intermittent especially when they first start to fail.
When booted into Safe Mode macOS usually uses a more basic GPU driver so it may not be accessing a GPU feature which is failing. Plus Safe Mode is not automatically launching third party software during boot & login...so there may be a slim chance you have some third party software which is causing this problem.
You can try running the Apple Diagnostics to see if any hardware issues are detected. Unfortunately the diagnostics will not detect most failures, but it never hurts to run them.
If the diagnostics do not report any issues, then probably the best thing to try is a clean install of macOS.....making sure to thoroughly test the laptop before installing any third party apps and before restoring from a backup (if you do either of these two things you may be bringing the problem back). It is important to see if the issue occurs with an absolute clean install of macOS. If the issue occurs under these conditions, then you have a hardware issue of some sort which probably is not worth repairing.