App specific passwords

The Related Article: Sign in to apps with your Apple ID using app-specific passwords tells you to go to https://appleid.apple.com then tap the + opposite "Passwords" to create a new app specific password then create it on the next page.

I did this on my iPhone...

Maybe you are not using your own iPhone?

If the above fails reach out to Apple Support directly. You should be able to reach them here  Click here > Contact - Official Apple Support  or phone numbers  Click here > Contact Apple for support and service - Apple Support   or Click here > Genius Bar Reservation and Apple Support Options - Apple 

Yes Safari does work (see above).

Check your Safari settings. Remove all VPN and security software. Turn off provate relay.

There has been a problem in the last day or two with signing in while Apple changes it's global protocols ready for the new software in the Fall.

For some unknown reason Safari doesn't work.

I used Chrome to sign into appleid.apple.com and was able to generate an App Specific Password