I can’t find the shortcuts folder in my files app

Shortcuts cannot be accessed or edited from the Files App.

Shortcuts that have not been saved to your Home Screens are accessed from the Shortcuts App itself.

Shortcuts User Guide - Apple Support

You can create an App folder on a Home Screen - and move Apps saved to the Home Screen to the folder - but these cannot be accessed from the Files App.

You can also create folders within the Shortcuts App sidebar. Perhaps this is what you may have seen.