Has anyone found a solution to this yet? I have tried all the above suggestions, none of them worked. I have been forced into the account recovery process and Apple won't let me progress that for another 5 days. This is for a work account, so not being able to used my Apple ID to put necessary apps on my phone for 5 days is a real problem.
My issue is the same as the original posters. I can't remember my work Apple ID password. My phone reset and so i am not already signed in to my Apple ID. I have tried to use the reset option via the Apple Support App on another phone. I am able to enter the phone number, get the security code and enter it, but then it asks me to provide the passcode for my work phone and it only allows me to enter 4 digits. My passcode has 6 digits. I have restarted to phone, same problem. I reset the passcode. Same problem. I tried to reset the password through iCloud. It says I need to do account recovery. Surely Apple has found a fix for this by now?