“Recents” Folder on Finder

I don’t think the logs can pinpoint anything. Reindex Spotlight and see if the folder gets repopulated.

The only items that it finds are primarily items you open in the Finder.

Rebuild the Spotlight index on your Mac - Apple Support

Recents is a Smart Folder (search folder). It shows items that were opened in the Finder.

If it is losing items, it is likely because the Spotlight index is corrupt.