Did I call a scam number pretending to be Apple?

Yes, it appears you did call somebody else.

If you’re using Google search, the search results over there are unfortunately too often hot garbage. Scams, malware, and worse, can get very high search rankings at Google, and Google have been battling all that for a while. Other search engine results can be adequate to bad, but the Google results tend to be the most heavily gamed.

I’m don’t see the cited telephone number in any (published) Apple telephone number list, and that they wanted you to download AnyDesk and change passwords means they’re not Apple.

So yes, it appears you did get in contact with not-Apple.

Here is the current list of Apple telephone numbers: Contact Apple for support and service - Apple Support

Yes, it was a scam outfit. Apple will never tell a user to download AnyDesk, LogMeIn, or any other such app. Apple has their own remote access software built-in to the OS. They will inform you how to let a technician login.

Here is a link to Apple support - you get there by clicking on the support link at the bottom left corner of this page.

Official Apple Support

If you google support, you will find hundreds of links and numbers from "companies" that claim to be support and just want your money or worse.

gkw112 Said:

"Did I call a scam number pretending to be Apple?"

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Report this to Apple:

Apple needs to see this themselves to know what is long on here. So, report it to Apple. To do so, show them a screenshot of this phone call's info.

See my User Tip: Using the Photos App to Report Scams: - User Tip