After updating to iOS 17, not able to sync data on iCloud (Advanced Data Protection has been set ON)

Hi,

I have been facing the issue since Monday, Sep 18th, when I updated my iPhone 11 Pro Max from iOS 16.x to iOS 17. In Settings, the message "iCloud Data isn't Syncing" is displayed. When I click the Resume Data Sync option, I am prompted to enter my iPhone Passcode. After entering the Passcode am prompted to Enter the Recovery Key. I don't have the 28-character Recovery Key, so I have been entering the Recovery code generated on my Recovery contact device. Once the Recovery Code is entered, I see the screen (attached) in the settings menu.

Nothing happens if I click Resume Data Sync (after entering the passcode and Recovery key as stated above). I had kept the screen overnight and in the morning there is no change in the status. I tried "Reset All Settings" and "Reset Network Settings" and tried to sync iCloud Data, but if didn't worked out to resolve the issue.

I opened the Case with Apple Support on Tuesday, but still, no solution heard back from the Apple Engineering team.

If anyone, has encountered similar issue, please help me with the resolution. Thank you.