Welcome back Julie-O,
We appreciate the additional information! Let's start by trying to change that photo from the iCloud website using the steps found here: Change your Apple ID photo on iCloud.com - Apple Support
If that doesn't resolve it, let's follow the steps here for updating your contact card: Add or edit your contact info and photo on iPhone - Apple Support
You'll want to perform those steps on the device that is signed in to your secondary Apple ID. If you have a device that is using that Apple ID, and is currently updated to iOS 17, let's start with that device. Once complete, you may need to restart your devices if the photo doesn't appear. Since the My Card feature affects your Apple ID photo as well, this should resolve the behavior you're experiencing. We think the article says it best: "iPhone uses your Apple ID to create your contact card, called My Card, but you may want to add or edit details—including your name, address, phone number, birthday, photo and Contact Poster you can share with people when you call or message them."
Let us know if that helps.
Kindest regards.