It is never a good idea to perform a block or bit level clone to a different size drive because trying to expand the partition can be problematic. I did it for a Windows system somewhat easily since Windows had a mechanism built-in to allow it, but it still require other work & repairs. I had no choice and was not the way I wanted to do the transfer. With macOS, there is no easy to use method built-in. The only way that may be possible would be to use the command line to try to merge the Free space area into the main partition/Container. You would definitely need to be booted into macOS 10.13+ to do this procedure. I do know there is one post on these forums from several years ago where the proper command was used to merge an empty/Free area back into the main partition, but I don''t recall the exact command to do so. Even doing this could be dangerous since the partition table may not be properly configured for this new SSD.
I'm assuming you had someone perform data recovery from your failing hard drive. The resulting clone should never be used as is since it may contain holes & corrupted file system. It definitely can be used to transfer files to another good drive though.
There are two better ways to fix things which will ensure you have a stable system, but it involved getting another SSD and a USB to SATA Adapter, drive dock, or enclosure for that SSD.
1) Boot from the current clone and use the third party app Carbon Copy Cloner (CCC) to make a bootable clone of macOS 10.13 onto the 2nd new SSD. CCC is a file copy clone, but it will properly reproduce everything correctly and utilize the full area of the new 2nd SSD. This ensures your partition table & file system are both clean & stable.
2) Install macOS 10.13 onto the 2nd new SSD. Then during first boot into the new clean OS, Setup Assistant will offer you the option to migrate everything from another system....you can select the first SSD clone. This is the method Apple recommends using when you purchase a new Mac and transfer from a previous Mac (they share between computers, but you can also do the transfer from an external drive as well).
Once you completely transfer everything to the 2nd new SSD and you are sure you have all your important files, then you can erase the 1st SSD so it can be reused. You definitely do not want to use the 1st SSD without wiping it because you cannot trust that the file system is completely intact.
Also, make sure you have frequent and regular backups of your computer and all external media (including the cloud) which contains important & unique data. There is no excuse not to have a backup since Apple includes Time Machine for free with macOS....all the user needs to do is purchase an external drive 2x - 3x the size of their boot drive and configure Time Machine to use the external drive for backups. The more important the data, then the more copies or backups you should have. This is even more important when using an SSD since it is impossible to recover accidentally deleted data from an SSD after the Trash has been emptied (unlike a hard drive). Plus an SSD can fail at any time without any warning signs, even a brand new SSD.
If you ever purchase a newer Mac, then backups are even more important since newer Macs introduce even more ways for you to permanently lose access to your data on the internal SSD due to all the hardware, software, and security changes. The days of recovering data from a broken computer is gone with newer systems. Best to get in the habit of frequent & regular backups.
