What do you have to lose? Can't you just perform another clean install of macOS on the external drive and try another migration? I would highly recommend you first create a second admin user account on the main internal boot drive since I'm not sure how that password reset works if you have two nearly identical boot drives for one computer. The default setting is to create a Standard user account, so make sure to turn on "Allow user to administer this computer".
I honestly don't recall whether Setup Assistant/Migration Assistant prompted to have me create a password for the new system or whether it just transferred the old password when I did mine a year ago. I had other issues when migrating so my focus was on other things during the process.
Maybe another more knowledge contributor will chime in here if I am missing anything here, or to provide more information.
I would highly recommend you have a good Time Machine backup just to be safe.