Yes they are connected as long as you are signed in with your Apple ID but your old phone would need WiFi because I’m sure it doesn’t have an active SIM. It would be like your inactive phone is a iPod Touch, it would reflex everything done on Apple ID done in iCloud, except phone calls because there is no SIM. But if you delete an app on your phone, it won’t delete on the inactive phone. These would be treated as separate entities. Some things in iCloud sync and change on all devices…like if you have messages in iCloud turned on both devices. They will do the same on both devices. Otherwise, if you don’t have iCloud messages turned on both devices, you’ll have to delete on each device. Look in settings-your name-iCloud-show all apps-messages to see if iCloud messages are on. iCloud Contacts will change on both devices. Mail signed in will change on both devices, if they are IMAP, which most mail emails are like yahoo, Gmail, iCloud…etc. Hope this helps:)