You have some options. First, could you let us know
- What OS are you using?
- What model is your Mac
- Are you using iCloud Photos to synchronize your devices?
- If you're using iCloud Photos, do you have “Optimize Storage” checked in Photos’ Settings
- Where does your Photos Library reside-- in the Pictures folder of your internal drive, or on an external drive? or on a network? on iCloud drive?
- How is your external drive formatted? ExFat, APFS, or what?
I'm concerned that, if you have "Optimize" turned on for iCloud Photos, you might not have a full backup. For any backup system to work, if you're using iCloud Photos, your Photos must be set to "Download Originals." And there's a bit more to it, so you'd need to let us know.
I use Apple's Time Machine program that comes on Macs to backup my computer. I have a laptop, so I plug it in for charging when I get home, and Time Machine does an incremental backup of the whole computer. Since it's incremental, it just records changes and that's pretty fast, usually less than a couple of minutes. If your computer isn't portable, then Time Machine can do a backup every hour, and you can go back to see and recover your files from an hour ago, or from yesterday, or from last week, or from last month. It's all automatic, so I don't have to remember to do it. This is very cool!
I also drag my Library to an external drive about once a month (now when did I do it last?) With a fast SSD drive, it can take maybe 5 minutes for a 100 GB Library. (This is probably about right--it's been at least a month...) I have a laptop, so I use a small, light, fast 2TB SSD which costs about $140, I think.
There are also third party apps that do incremental backups like you want, as well. A very popular one (that I use from time to time) is Carbon Copy Cloner ($50) which has been around almost as long as Macs, and it is highly trusted. Time Machine backs up the entire computer, while CCC can be set to backup specific parts.
Let us know more about your situation, and we can help further...