Thank you for your reply, and the added info. Re: "Any other ideas?"
You can try searching using "2023" OR you can search for "February" & see if those results help you.
You may also want to try using a "Spotlight" search by limiting the search to an app.
How to: Use Spotlight Search on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
If Messages are stored in iCloud and synced to an Apple Computer:
See how to: Narrow your search results on Mac - Apple Support
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Re: "When I scroll to try to get to the date I’m looking for, I can only make it to early August 2023 before it glitches ..."
Wondering if you have enough free storage space (ie: at least 8Gb free) in which your iPhone can operate smoothly. (If not, it is wise to back up all your data before making space) See:
How to check the storage on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support