After resetting iPhone, can it be tracked again?

I had my phone stolen a few days ago and eventually got it back, but I still have some questions. For context, when I got my phone back, it had been reset and looked like a brand-new device.

If my phone was located at 11 AM (the app said “Now” for the time), and then no other location was detected until 12 PM, when the phone’s location was accurately identified again, I’m wondering what happened in between. During the period when my phone was offline, could it have been reset? Or was it simply turned off? And at 12 PM, when the phone’s location was found again, was it still off?

Basically, I want to know: after a phone is reset, can it still be tracked? Was the reason my phone couldn’t be found between 11 AM and 12 PM because it was turned off?

Thank you in advance for your help.

[Re-Titled By Moderator]