Issue with Re-entering Google Account Password in iOS Settings

I frequently receive a notification on both my iPhone and Laptop prompting me to “Enter the Google password for cxxxxxx@gmail.com in Settings.” When I follow the link to iOS Settings, the option to “Re-enter Password” is highlighted in blue, but when I click it, nothing happens. I've been unable to locate another way to input my Google password, and this issue keeps recurring.

I would appreciate any assistance or guidance on how to resolve this issue.

Thank you for your help!