Do you have a payment method in your Apple Account details? Sometimes the POS backend gets stuck in this sort of cycle if you don't have one.
You usually need a payment method, even for free apps, updates, and redownloads.
You can bypass the App Store to add a payment method;
On a Mac;
• Open the System Settings app (in the menu)
• Chose your Apple Account
• Choose Payment & Shipping
• Add a payment method to your account details
On an iOS/iPadOS device;
• Open the Settings app
• Chose your Apple Account
• Choose Payment & Shipping
• Add a payment method to your account details
Alternatively -
On a Mac;
• Open the System Settings app (in the menu)
• Choose your Apple Account
• Choose Media & Purchases
• Choose View Account
• Choose Manage Payments
• Add a payment method to your account details
On an iOS/iPadOS device;
• Open the Settings app
• Choose your Apple Account
• Choose Media & Purchases
• Choose View Account
• Choose Manage Payments
• Add a payment method to your account details
You can find the acceptable payment methods for your country here;
Payment methods that you can use with your Apple Account - Apple Support
M1 Mac mini, macOS 15.1; Watch, series 10 GPS-only, watchOS 11.1; iPhone 16, iOS 18.1; TV 4th Gen, tvOS 18.1; HomePods, audioOS 18.1 and Airport Express w/ Airplay 2