Not exactly. Don’t remove the old card until the refund is complete, if you can help it. The merchant may want to verify the last 4 digits to verify purchase etc.
The bank is aware of the two accounts and when they receive the funds, they’ll credit it to the new account.
Apple is not a bank. Apple Pay only transfers encrypted payment information. Apple Pay and Apple do not participate in the refund process.
When the merchant approves a refund the information is sent to the merchant’s credit card processor. The credit card processor then debits the funds from the merchant’s bank and initiates a transfer to the bank that issued the credit card used. Apple and Apple Pay are not used in any of that process.
You can track a refund. The instant a refund is started Uber creates an ARN (Acquirer Reference Number). The merchant can give you the ARN and your bank can track the refund.
Returns to closed accounts is nothing new and the systems are set up to handle them.