Can I recover deleted photos from iCloud?

I think Yer_Man's statement "there is a real danger that the images on iCloud will be deleted too" is a bit of an understatement. Syncing with iCloud is automatic and immediate*, and action is not under your control, short of turning it off.

iCloud Photos is a synchronization service. When you engage iCloud Photos on a device, then the Library on that device is kept just the same as the iCloud Photos Library. So, for instance, if you take a picture with your iPhone, it is added to the iPhone's Photos Library, copied to iCloud Photos Library, and then copied to the Photos Library on each of the other devices that you have connected. If you delete a picture on your Mac, then that picture is deleted at iCloud and on all the other devices. 

As Yer_Man says, iCloud does not insulate you from mistakes like accidental deletion. You should keep a real backup. And you shouldn't defeat the 30 day deletion safety in Recently Deleted.

*well, immediate if the devices are strongly connected and not otherwise inhibited.

iCloud is not a back up service. It's a sharing service. If you delete all the images on your device or computer then the next time you sync there is a real danger that the images on iCloud will be deleted too.