OK, so near the end of last month, I was on a flight overseas, and took the opportunity to remove and/or unload most apps that I never use.
I thought possibly this would have fixed the problem. But nope. Just Sunday, I was driving somewhere, and all of a sudden I get the alert that my data got used up (I have the Dataman app to track these usages and where they happen).
Within seconds, 300MB used in General, for nothing.
So now, I'm hobbled again with data turned off until I can figure this out.
I will note one thing: it *seems* like the data usage happens when near intermittent wifi. You might think, "hey that's the wifi assist!". Nope, I have that off. Had it off since the beginning. But there is something about being around wifi that triggers it. A lot of times, it happens right near my house (Dataman tells me the locations). My theory is that some app requests a transfer while in wifi, the OS lets it through, but then the wifi cuts out. Rather than kill the transfer, it just jumps on to cellular and finishes the transfer. I wish it would tell me which app is doing this (the most frustrating part), but it doesn't.
Wifi assist off. Automatic downloads off. App store cell data off. icloud drive off. icloud backup off. In low data mode. Trust me, I have turned everything off. This just keeps happening. And only on my device. My wife can leave her phone on cell data all month, and we end up the same amount with my one burst of data in seconds taking up half of what she normally uses.
I am about to the point that I want to reset the phone and not restore from backup to see if whatever it is that causes this gets cleared. I might try this for a month and see what happens.