Hello,
Start with this:
Go to Settings > Sounds & Haptics and set the RINGTONE AND ALERTS slider to the desired volume for the alarms.
Then, turn off "Change with Buttons." That will keep the alarm volume from changing when you make other volume changes for music etc.
For other sound issues, see these steps:
1) Is the side silent mute button on? Does any red show? Slide it back and fourth (or check iPhone 15/16 Action button for silent mode).
2) How about the volume buttons? Is the volume very low? Move the buttons. Adjust the volume on iPhone
3) Is Do Not Disturb on? Go to Settings > Focus > Do Not Disturb. Is it turned on? Check the times.
4) Go to Settings > Sounds & Haptics. Check the Ringer and Alerts slider. Try changing the sound pattern for the type of alert.
5) Go to Settings > Notifications. Is the app listed?
6) Do other sounds work? What about phone calls? Music?
7) Do you have an Apple watch? Many of the notifications will go to the watch instead of the phone. Is the watch in silent mode?
8) Many notifications are partially muted when the phone is unlocked and you are using it vs. locked.
Note: you can send text messages to yourself for testing purposes.
Good luck.