It's not the serial number but the Order/Model number that show localization and provenance. These are the provenance identifiers:
• If the order number starts with M, it was purchased new from Apple.
• If the order number starts with F, it was refurbished by Apple or a carrier.
• If the order number starts with P, it was sold as a personalized device with Apple engraving.
• If the order number starts with N, Apple provided it as a replacement device for a device returned for service.
Example from my replacement iPad:

and from an old iPad Air we bought as an Apple-direct refurb:
Apple reuses the term "Model." If you tap the value shown is changes to the "A" number for that model.
The serial number used to have factory of origin codes in front but that's been gone a long time.