OK yes this works, well done for working that out, I was really worried and this is amazing that you worked it out and took the time to list the steps, but your explanation assumes people know what terminology you are using and it is not clear that you are effectively asking people to exit from the phone app itself to the home screen, and then going back in again from scratch.... having trained people in IT use, I would say the following:
1.starting from your "home" screen, select the phone app in order to see your list of "recent" phone calls.
2.click the ( i ) on the right of the phone number you want to block to open it.
3Then scroll all the way down to the bottom of the screen where the "block caller" option used to be....
4.You find that it's not there - don't panic, but the next steps are crucial.
5.click your home button once firmly - this is the primary round phone button at the bottom of the screen - as if you are going to exit from the phone app itself.
6.This will bring you back to the "home" screen where you have all the apps laid out.
7.Now start again and click the Phone app as if you were going to open the phone app for the first time.
8.Now you should come back directly to the number you were last looking at and if you scroll down then all the functions that used to be there will have returned.
9.If they are not there don't panic - just repeat from step 4. You may have to go round this loop from step 4 to step 8 at least twice, before the iphone software presents the list.
10.Then you should see block caller option as before and you can block them.
I live in the UK - at least 1 call a day is a scam marketing call and so I have to do this every day, sometimes three times.
( I have IOS26.2 on an SE 2024, but it has no orange button for block if I swipe left, only the delete option.)