"How do I recover photos and data from an older iPhone backup?"
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If never uploaded to iCloud, nor backup up in another manor, then, no, they are not recoverable, and yes, they are gone. Read more below...
Suspicious of Loss of Data After a Device Recovery:
Being your iPhone had power issues, and that your Apple Account got locked, and that all of these files when missing, then, this seems of high suspicion. So, I recommend securing your account, starting with a new password for your Apple Account.
Secure your Info:
A. Verify your Devices:
Verify that all devices are logged in to your account, by using this link: Check your Apple ID Device List to See where you're Signed in - Apple Support
then...
B. Modify your Credentials:
Having received this, someone may have your credentials. So, by all means, consider modifying them...
Troubleshooting Lost Photos and Videos:
Loss of data is something you would have agreed to upon opening an Apple Account. So, if the following does not work, then they are gone. That's just the way it is :(
i.e. Four Tactics to Try for Photos:
A. Start here: If you're Missing Photos or Videos in the Photos app - Apple Support
B. Check iCloud, Directly:
For Photos: Go here, and see if they reside in iCloud: https://www.icloud.com/photos
C. Restore your iPhone from a Backup:
Have any backups of this iPhone prior to this occurrence? If so, restore your iPhone from one that has these photos (the most recent backup, ideally). If not, then take this as a learning experience, knowing to always back up your device for recovery purposes. Important: Back up you iPhone prior to performing this restoration, should anything go wrong from here on out.
D. Where Else to Check:
- PC
- PDA
- eMail
- Mac Device
- Cloud Storage
- Android Phone
- USB Flash Drive
- External Hard drive
- Secure Digital Card
- Compact Flash Card
