Magic Keyboard: Cannot assign function key shortcuts

Cannot assign shortcuts to function keys on Apple Magic Keyboard

I recently got the Apple Magic Keyboard with Numeric Keypad and Touch ID to use as a peripheral for my M1 MacBook Pro, connected to an external monitor. I tried to assign functions to the F13-19 keys on my keyboard in the built-in Shortcuts app. For example, I wanted to set my F13 key to open the calculator app. After assigning the shortcut to a key and closing the app, I tried to perform the shortcut, but received an alert sound. How do I fix this?