Latest version for 2012 MacBook

There wasn't a 2012 plain "MacBook" model --> Identify your MacBook model - Apple Support

Use this to find out what model you actually have:

Identify the model of your Apple device - Apple Support

Then use this to see what it can run: https://eshop.macsales.com/guides/Mac_OS_X_Compatibility

The OP said this is a "2012 MacBook". There used to be a just plain MacBook model that was discontinued several years ago. It was the low-end model notebook.

Again, there is no 2012 MacBook. There are 2012 MacBook Pros and MacBook Airs that can run Catalina, but that is not what the OP posted (yes, the OP mentions a MBP in their equipment list but I frequently see incorrect equipment mentioned there). Since the equipment model is uncertain I provide the OP with the resources for finding out which model they do have and how to look up OS compatibility for every Mac out there.

Our friend, @Limnos, is close, but they need a little more coffee this morning. 😉

Catalina. macOS 10.15 Catalina is compatible with these computers

Edit - or not.