I to have this Problem, I't is my opinion something as important in the Functioning of the a Phone such as the Microphone or any component it relies on to function correctly should last as lot longer than is being reported in significant numbers.
After doing some research this problem not limited to any one part of the Globe, i have seen Numerous instances where this exact Unique Problem is Thousands of miles apart, Ruling out NetWork Provider Issues,climatic conditions Etc.
This problem is very unique in that it only affects voice calls, other apps that use the microphone seem to work fine, for exmaple if you record a video you will hear sound fine, yet if you make a Voice call the other person cannot hear you?
My Iphone has always been used a per apples recommendations, never been dropped and always kept clean,dry, protective case Etc ruling out neglect of the phone, this is also confirmed by numberous other users posts on the internet who state they have cared for thier phone Properly.
I belive my Iphone and Thousands(At the Very Least) of others Iphones were NOT FIT PURPOSE when they where delivered, basically although some may have functioned for more than 12 Months i belive they were actually faulty during the warranty period with the fault manifesting itself after the warranty period. I belive this to be the case as numberous instanse of this very unique issue are reported within the 12 Month period.
I contacted apple who offered me a replacemnet for a 190£ charge!!! are you kidding me a 500£ phone thats been looked after as per Apple recommedations which clearly has a fault that is wide spread!!!!
I decided to see if i could pay for a apple technician to find the fault and provide me with a report so that i could make a claim against the retailer and guess what, yes they do not "offer" this service even though i offered to PAY for it.
I would suggest if have googled this error and ended up here you make a post so Apple can see this is a Major problem that in should warrant appripiate investigation.
I will reseaeching what further action i can take to get my phone replaced as will not Purchase another phone, the build quality should be there in the first place and this is clearly not a isolated problem.
In the meantime i have sent back for a Full Refund one Iphone 5, and two ipads, Luckily they 1where within the on year warranty and will never purchase and apple product again,
Once you lose the confidence and reptation it is very difficult to get that back.