I too have macs for work purposes and I find it frustrating that the only reason I got the upgrade to Mountain Lion was because I wanted to have continuous syncing between my iPad and my iMac at home; and that's the one feature that doesn't work!
I know I have it set up right, because I created a new file on my iMac and saved it to iCloud. Then, on my iPad I went Settings -> iCloud -> Storage and Backup -> manage storage -> numbers and all my new files I saved to iCloud are there. So, the files are on my iPad, but when I open my Numbers app, they are not there.
I read every blog I could find and no one had a solution to this problem.
The same thing happens in the opposite direction. If I create a file on my iPad there is no way to save it to iCloud. I can send it to iWork (which goes offline in 2 days) or email it, but there's no iCloud option.
I got excited when I noticed there were updates on all my apps on my iPad as well as all iWork applications on my iMac. 😟 Lo and Behold, they now look great with the Retina display, but ABSOLUTLY NO ICLOUD SYNCING even though those were the only two facts SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE UPDATE!
I hope they fix this soon, because apple is 0 for 3 when it comes to their cloud promises. Steve Jobs even mentioned how commited Apple is to Cloud Syncing in a keynote presentation before he passed. I hope you don't let him down.