I have your exact same problem but that solution didn't work. 😟
iPad Settings
Settings -> iCloud Documents & Data = ON
Settings -> Keynote -> Use iCloud = ON
Settings -> Pages -> Use iCloud = ON
Settings -> Numbers -> Use iCloud = ON
There are a few weird things that happen though...
in Pages it says "Updating 3 Documents..." and the progress wheel keeps on spinning (Going on 45 mins now)
in Numbers nothing happens... it just has 4 documents with an arrow on the top right corner
in Keynote nothing happens... it just has 1 document arrow on the top right corner, too.

If I create the Document directly in the iPad that's when I get the document in the screen shot above.
Does ANYONE know why my iPad is not syncing with the iCloud????