I had this issue of not syncing over wi-fi & i have fixed this. Below were my devices,
1. Windows XP Laptop
2.ipad 2 with ios5.
Below are the steps to ensure wi-fi sync works.
1. Connect your iPhone/iPad with USB cable to Computer where itunes installed.
2. Click on the "device" icon in itunes, & in "Summary" Page, ensure you have enabled the option "Sync Over Wifi My Ipad / iphone"
3. Disconnect the Cable,
You should be still able to see your ipad in itunes, if not, follow the below steps
4. Enable Upnp in your computer.
5. This link, will tell you, how to enable upnp in windows machine. --> http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941206
6. Restart your Computer
7. Ensure SSDP service is running in Automatic mode.
8. You should also ensure upnp is supported in your ADSL or Wi-Fi router.
9. IN your router, under LAN settings (Advanced), there will be option of Upnp, enable this. Even if it is enabled, disable & enable it. Restart the router once.
9a. The Upnp & SSDP would take 10 minutes to discover the device. Have Patience at times 🙂.
Open iTunes & Power on your ipad, you should be able to see the ipad in itunes now. if not,
10. Close your itunes & power off ipad.
11. Restart the service called "Apple Mobile Device",
Open iTunes & Power on your ipad, you should be able to see the ipad in itunes now, if not.
12. Disable Firewall & IPS in your Network Connections. Disable built-in Firewall & IPS in Virus Softwares. Ensure TCP ports 123 and 3689, as well as UDP ports 123 and 5353 are allowed. Refer to this link for more inputs --> http://support.apple.com/kb/TS4062.
13. Close your itunes & power off ipad.
14. Restart the service called "Apple Mobile Device",
Open iTunes & Power on your ipad.
This should be working now for sure shot. 🙂. I bet.