This is a very exhausting problem. One day I spent the whole morning correcting all my classical tracks so that the Artist was the composer rather than the performer. iTunes Match later decided to replace all the corrections and revert to the original metadata. Hours and hours of work lost.
I am repeatedly having this problem. I cannot work out any logic as to why it happens sometimes and sometimes not.
Today I have had an album where the track names were wrong. I have corrected them multiple times and each time they revert.
A few comments:
(1) Yes - it is crucial that the "matching" is not in process while you alter data. This is a major cause of loss that should be warned about. You have to watch out for it starting by itself. Even if you manually "stop" the matching, it still decides to restart. You really have to turn it completely "off" in the main menu.
(2) Yes - changing other metadata - especially artist name for album and track seems to help encourage an update that sticks.
(3) Yes - deleting local files and updating the matched version sometimes helps a correction to stick.
A hint:
Open your iPhone / iPad Music app while you are working on updating metadata on your computer. You can watch if it updates or not. Sometimes it happens within seconds. Sometimes within minutes. Sometimes not at all. At least it can warn you if it's worth your work. Now, I never do more than a few tracks at a time until I see it updating on my phone.
A speculation:
I wonder if the information coming from our PCs to Apple tries a limited number of times to get through. Having failed, it then does not update - and then the Match reversion updates back to the PC.
I wonder if a factor in this might be that people further away from the US storage centre are having more problems in getting data to stick.